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Implementing a CDN (Content Delivery Network) can significantly enhance your web application by reducing the need for multiple back-end servers. This shift not only results in faster loading times for end-users but also streamlines content delivery.

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<p>However, integrating a CDN into your system is not straightforward and involves careful preparation. This article will guide you through the essential steps needed to effectively set up a CDN&nbsp;<span style="font-family: __neueHasGrotesk_615dff, __neueHasGrotesk_Fallback_615dff, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;">and make your site faster.</span></p>

<h2>Understanding the Core Issues with CDN Caching</h2>

<p>Let’s say that you have a popular site which is visited by a large amount of users every minute. You’ve may have already fixed all the code-related problems and patched the bottlenecks that were highlighted in the previous articles, but you still need quite a lot of servers to handle traffic peaks without downtime.</p><p>First of all we should think about the root cause of problems. During a high traffic peak, every client that enters your site (for example, with a link that leads to a list of products) forces the backend to fetch the product data from the database, render the appropriate template, and return the content to the client’s browser. This process is repeated for each click of every user visiting the same page.</p><p>We could save a lot of time if we could do this only once and reuse the result for multiple customers. which is where CDN comes to the fore.me text.</p>

CDN (Content Delivery Network) is a method of content delivery that uses a
distributed network of servers, spread across all continents. The end-user is
served by the closest CDN node without having to connect to the original server
which hosts the website. The CDN nodes usually have direct internet connections
with most internet providers, so their response is much faster. Some of the most
popular CDN services include Akamai, Cloudflare, and Cloudfront on AWS.


<h2>Cache Invalidation Challenges in CDN Caching</h2>

<p>
  Two of the most complex problems in computer science are naming things and
  cache invalidation. You can’t enable caching for all your content without
  tweaking your app’s code, otherwise you’ll end up serving the same content to
  each user, such as the same cart or checkout form. Let’s take a closer look at
  the cache invalidation problem.
</p>


<h2>How to Control the CDN Behavior?</h2>

Controlling the caching behavior is a very important part of the introduction of CDN. The backend application should have full control of cached content and also have the ability to invalidate it. Most of the hosted services like Akamai or Cloudfront deliver a special API that allows you to invalidate the content by specifying the URL. The CDN services also honor the standard cache controlling features defined by the HTTP protocol. Using them allows control of the cache without sticking to a specific CDN vendor. Controlling the cache is enabled by two HTTP headers — ‘Cache-Control’ and ‘ETag’.

<div>The value of this header basically controls how any higher level caching system should proceed with the content. It should be set to ‘no-cache’ for user-specific sections, like the user profile, cart or checkout.</div><div><br></div><div>In other application sections, this header could contain the maximum amount of time for caching a page (for example, 10 minutes).</div>

<p>This header contains a ‘version’ of content generated by the application. It’s extremely important to update this value when the content changes, otherwise the CDN will serve outdated content to the end user. The value could be any string you choose, such as the md5 hash of the content or the last update date.</p><p>So, we have Cache-Control and ETag, but how does it work under the hood?</p><p>Example:</p><p>Let’s consider the following setup:</p><p>User — a browser</p><p>CDN — a CDN endpoint (AWS Cloudfront, Akamai, Cloudflare, etc.)</p><p>Backend — a web application backend</p><p>The core idea is to point your main domain (example.com in this case) to the CDN endpoint instead of to your own web server. It will offload all content from your own servers to the CDN network managed by the third party.</p>

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<p>
  In this case, the user requested a page that was not present in the CDN cache,
  so it was generated by the backend and stored in the CDN cache. It will be
  there for a maximum of 3600 seconds.
</p>
<p>
  Every subsequent user asking for example.com will receive the cached content
  without hitting the backend.
</p>
<p>This version of the content will be valid for the next 3600 seconds.</p>


<p>After the time elapses, the CDN will query the page from the backend again.</p><p>With every change to the content, the backend should update the ETag value to make the CDN aware of the newer version.</p>

<h2>Optimizing Performance with CDN Integration</h2>

<p>Setting up a CDN service in front of your site can improve your user’s experience while visiting the site. Nevertheless, you should remember that introducing a CDN or another high-level caching system can bring a new class of problems, so never start optimizing the performance with cache and CDN. When you’ve polished your codebase and optimized it as much as you can, you can add the CDN as the cherry on the cake and further improve site loading times.</p>

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Author

Artur Smęt

Articles

Improving Your Site Performance with CDN and Caching

Author

Articles

Artur Smęt

Improving Your Site Performance with CDN and Caching